Great Women In Islamic History: Döndü Hatun Of Iraq

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In the history of the Djelayir, originally a branch of the Mongol race who later became Turkish in the lands of Turkestan and Kipchak, we also see a woman sovereign enthroned. The sources about Döndü Hatun’s life are very few unfortunately but, at the beginning of the chapter, author Bahriye Üçok summarizes the foundation and development of the Djelayir state.

The history of this state is connected to Hasan the Great, who we have already met in connection with our discussion of Sati Bey Hatun’s accession to the Ilhanid throne. He established an independent state in Baghdad, following prolonged struggles with Hasan the Small and other emirs (1340). Hasan the Great, who added Iraq and Iran to his territories and married Dilşad Hatun, the widow of Ebu Said, almost became the inheritor of the Ilhanid Empire.

His son and successor Üveys (1356) took Azerbaijan and Tabriz from the Golden Horde; he also added Mosul and Diyarbakır to his lands. His son Hüseyin, who took his place in 776/1374-5, engaged in a war with the Muzafferids and the Karakoyunlu, but later ceased hostilities with the Karakoyunlu upon their request for peace.

Great Women In Islamic History: Sultan Sati Bey Khan Of The Mongols

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Sultan Sati Bey Khan is another forgotten Muslim female ruler in history we would like to remember today. She was part of the Khan family of the Moslem Ilhan branch of the Mongol Empire and ruled in the 14th century.

In this chapter, Bahriye Üçokin first briefly summarises Ilhan history, starting with Hulagu, grandson of Genghis Khan. Hulagu is well-known for having marched on Baghdad where in November 1258 he put an end to the Abbasid State.

Hulagu died in 1265 and, during the reigns of his successors, most of the Mongols who lived in today’s Iran converted to Sunni Islam. According to the author, thanks to the general Mongolian religious tolerance, also under Islamic rule women maintained their important political and social position they had had in the past. Gazan Khan also showed great indulgence towards Shiites. Under his reign, the Empire reached its peak.

Great Women In Islamic History: Devlet Hatun Of Iran

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Between the sixth and ninth centuries of the Hegira, two states were founded in the southwest region of Iran which was occupied by the Lur tribes. Of these one was the “Great Lurlu,” also known as “Hezarespî” or “Fazlûye.” The other was the kingdom of “Lesser Luristan” or “Beni Hurshit” (translation: the sons of Hurshit). Since Bahriye Üçok’s work is concerned only with the latter, only Lesser Luristan will be discussed in this chapter about Devlet Hatun.

The rulers of the state of Lesser Luristan were descended from the Jangruî tribe. It was originally called “Hurshitoqullari” and continued to be known by this name until the sixteenth century, after Muhammed Hurshid who was a former vizier of the Lurlus and who was the first ruler from this family. The name of Lesser Luristan, which was the area where it was situated, was not given to the Hurshitoqullan state until after the sixteenth century.

Devlet Hatun, who came to the throne as the 14th of the Hurshitoqullari rulers, was unable to retain power for long. She was not, in any case, the ruler of a completely independent state, but was chief of a semi-independent country that owed allegiance to the powerful Ilhan Empire.

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